Anatomy Of Human Brain
Humans have the largest brain size among all the vertebrates with respect to body size. Vertebrates are those species who have a backbone and an internal skeleton system. We vertebrates such as humans, other mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes etc. constitute less than ten percent of all the living creatures on the planet.
We’ll quickly look into the structure of the brain and functioning of its various parts.
Three major parts of our brain are Forebrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain.
Forebrain has two parts - Telencephalon & Diencephalon. Telencephalon is the exterior part of the Forebrain while Diencephalon lies inside the Forebrain is quite small in size. Forebrain In this section, I’d expect you to understand the various parts and functions of the forebrain. The big bulky part of the brain is called Cerebrum. Outer layer of Cerebrum is called Cerebral Cortex in which lies the gray matter. The big bulky Cerebrum is divided into four lobes - Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal Lobes.
The functions of every lobe are described in the following images. Please pay close attention.
Limbic System
The Limbic system is the emotional brain and a chemical factory of the brain which includes Amygdala, Hippocampus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Ganglia & Cingulate Gyrus.
Please carefully study the images given.
Neuroplasticity (in more detail)
Do kareebi neurons ke beech ki doori (gap) ko Synapse kaha jata hai. Synapse ke raaste dono neurons chemicals ki madad se ek doosre se communicate karte hein. In chemicals ko Neurotransmitter kaha jata hai. Brain mein 60 se bhi jyada neurotransmitters hote hein - inmein kuch aapko excite karte hein, kuch shaant aur kuch pareshaan. 80 percent neural activity ke liye do neurotransmitters zimmedar hein - Glutamate & Gamma-Aminobutryic Acid (GABA). Glutamate ka kaam hai neurons ko excite karna jabki GABA ka kaam hai relax karna.
There are three other important Neurotransmitters - Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Dopamine. They are also called Neuromodulators because they regulate the efficiency of a neuron and make them produce more Glutamate. These Neurotransmitters also reduce the noise from the signals travelling through the synapses. Low levels of Serotonin makes person sad, anxious and depressed. Norepinephrine is mainly responsible for amplifying signals of attention, arousal, motivation. Dopamine is a associated with reward, learning and primarily pleasure.
Jab do neurons ko der tak fire karaya jata hai to ise Long Term Potentiation (LTP) kaha jata hai. LTP neurons mein ek electrochemical relationship bana deta hai jisse agli bar Synapse par connection banna aur bhi aasaan ho jata hai.
Aakar judne wala neuron tezi se Glutamate banane lagta hai aur jispar judne wala hai wo neuron apna voltage badha leta hai jo aur bhi Glutamate ko attract karta hai. Agar firing chalti rahe to dono neurons ke Genes ekdum kaam par lag jate hein bonding strong hone lagti hai.
Neuroplasticity & Television
As we discussed before, our brain develops large neural networks for each type of traits that pertain to humanity the size and strength of which depend upon the amount of attention spend on that particular trait. Television bombards high intensity drama, comedy and action which engage and strengthen the circuits corresponding to arousal and emotions rather than intelligence and logic.
Year 2013. Neuroscientist Hikaru Takeuchi, along with his team of researchers at Tohoku University in Japan, conducted a study on brain of 290 kids. These kids belonged to the age group of 5-18 and were in a habit of watching television for 0-4 hours each day. It was found that more the kids watched television greater the size of their Hypothalamus, Septum, Sensorimotor Area & Visual Cortex. Increase in the size of Hypothalamus is a symptom of personality disorder, increased aggressiveness and mood disorders.
Fight & Flight System
Jab koi humare vichar aur dharnaaon ke khilaf opinions deta hai tab humara brain defensive state mein aa jata hai aur certain neurotransmitters chhodne lagta hai jaise - Norepinephrine. Is dauran brain ka Limbic System body mein aise chemicals release karne lagta hai jaise tab release karta hai jab vaastav mein hum kisi jaanleva sankat mein hon.
In this defensive state, the more primitive part of the brain interferes with the logical thinking and Limbic System completely shuts down the working memory and leads to narrow mindedness. No matter how harmless the situation is or how valuable the idea of the opponent in the argument is, the brain has trouble processing it.
Ye wahi situation hai jab sadak par aapki gaadi ko koi takkar maar de, aapka boss se jhagda ho jaye, daaru party mein friend se hi koi argument ho jaye aur party maar-peet mein tabdeel ho jaye. Aisa tab bhi hota hai jab poker, share market trading ya kisi bhi prakar ki gambling mein player game ko ego par le leta hai aur bet par bet lagata chala jata hai.
On the contrary, when we put our opinions and our beliefs are appreciated by others, the brain comes out of defensive state and starts firing reward neurons resulting into neurotransmission of happiness chemical Dopamine. This increases our self esteem and makes us feel powerful and confident.
Aatmvishwas ka neurotransmitter Serotonin se seedha rishta hai. Serotonin ki kami se insaan dukhi ho jata hai aur lambe waqt tak iske release nahi hone par depression aur fir suicidal
Social Validation is a basic psychological need which also helps a person overcome his narrow mindedness and hence makes him reach the state of open mindedness towards new ideas.
Male-Female Brain
Right Brain makes better connections with the parts of brain below the Telencephalon such as Amygdala, Hypothalamus & Hippocampus so it is more of an emotional hemisphere and since Female Brain has better connectivity between left and right hemisphere, she behaves more emotional and intuitive than a man.
Jab aap kisi dost ki nayi gaadi dekhte hein, usmein baithte hein aur uske price, features, comparison with other cars etc. ke baare mein baat karte hein to us gaadi ke baare mein aapke thoughts aur feelings aapke poore brain mein ghoomne lagte hein. Parietal Lobe ka kaam hota hai sensory input ko integrate karna, jinmein important hein Visual, Touch & Surrounding Temperature, Tongue - matlab gaadi ka chamakta hua rang aur uske naye AC ki cooling ka experience aapke Right Parietal Lobe par chhap jata hai. Temporal Lobe ka mukhya kaam audio processing karna aur shabdon ko samajhna hota hai. Gaadi ke bare mein batayi gayin baatein aapke Left Temporal Lobe mein chhap jati hein kyunki wo saari baatein logical hein, jabki aapke dost ki awaj ki tone aur gaadi ke engine ka sound aapke Right Temporal Lobe mein record ho jata hai kyunki ismein logical kuch nahi balki alag alag feelings hein.
Jaisa ki humne dekha, ki Temporal Lobe ka kaam hai audio processing karna aur languages ko samajhna. Ab choonki ladkiyon ke Temporal Lobe mein neurons ladkon ke brain ki tulna mein jyada hote hein, isliye female baby ke brain mein Verbal Ability ke neurons birth ke pehle do saalon mein hi banna shuru ho jate hein aur girl child kisi boy child se 6 months pehle hi bolna seekh leti hai. Isi ke sath girl child ka Left Hippocampus bhi badhne lagta hai jiska seedha rishta memory se hai. Zaahir si baat hai, Verbal Ability par pakad banane ke liye memory ka strong hona bhi jaruri hai taki sahi jagah sahi timing ke sath mein sahi shabdon ka istemaal kiya ja sake. Theek wahin boy child mein Right Hippocampus Prefrontal Cortex humein insaan banata hai, humare andar naitikta jagata hai, humein apni khushi se badhkar doosron ki khushi ke baare mein sochne ke liye madad karta hai. Agar kisi ka Prefrontal Cortex damage ho jaye to wo insaan antisocial behave karna lagega aur usmein criminal tendencies aane lagengi.
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex is the top part of Prefrontal Cortex. Its job is thinking, attention and short term memory.
Human Brain bade bade neuroscientists ke liye bhi abhi tak ek bahut badi paheli hai. Main apni research mein yahin tak pahuncha hoon. Lekin ye journey yahan khatm nahi hoti balki shuru hoti hai.
Aapki bhi aur meri bhi. Human Brain par jaise jaise meri research aage badhti hai main is blog ko update karta rahunga.
Thanks for reaching this far.
